EAU 2019: Dietary Management of Urinary Stones: Tips and Tricks Based on Stone Composition

Barcelona, Spain (UroToday.com) Urinary stone disease is caused by a disruption in the balance between solubility and precipitation of salts in the urinary tract. Approximately 88% of kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Of the rest, 1% are struvite, 9% of uric acid; and less than 1% are composed of cystine or are diagnosed as drug-related stones. Calcium and uric acid stones are more common in men; women have more struvite stones. In this presentation, Dr. Ferraro tries to describe the main urinary stones formation factors and ways to prevent stone formation beforе or after surgery.

Based on data from the international literature review, Dr. Ferraro distinguishes the main stones formation factors for most common stones – calcium, uric acid, and cystine stones. For calcium stones, they are low urinary volume, hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia; for uric acid/cystine stones - low urinary volume, hyperuricosuria and low urine pH.

In conclusion, the author offered dietary interventions to prevent stone formation: for calcium stones – increase fluid intake, adequate calcium (1-1,2 g/d), adequate fruits/vegetables, limit salt (less than 5 g/d), limit animal protein intake, limit high-oxalate foods. And for uric acid/ cystine stones, they are: increase fluid intake, large fruits/vegetables, limit salt (less than 5 g/d), limit animal protein intake.

The author believes that compliance with these recommendations will reduce the risk of re-stone formation in the future.

Presented by: Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Fondazione Policlinico Universario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome, Italy

Written by: Dmitry Korolev, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University at the 34th European Association of Urology (EAU 2019) #EAU19 conference in Barcelona, Spain, March 15-19, 2019.

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