Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy for pediatric complex renal calculus disease: one-stage or two-stage?

To compare two different treatment strategies, one-stage and two-stage multi-tract mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mt-mPCNL), for pediatric complex renal calculus disease.

Between the period of July 2016 and July 2018, a total of 36 children aged 15 years and younger, with complex renal calculi disease, who underwent total ultrasound-guided mt-mPCNL by a single experienced urologist were enrolled in our study. All patients were assigned either to Group 1 (n = 18) who received one-stage mt-mPCNL or Group 2 (n = 18) who received planned two-stage mt-mPCNL.

The demographic data were comparable between the two groups. There were no serious complications (Modified Clavien Grade ≥ III) observed in either group. The stone -free rate (SFR), operation time, postoperative creatinine increase, and perioperative complication rates were similar in both groups (P = 0.603, 0.818, 0.161, and 0.402, respectively). The postoperative hospital stay (5.8 days vs. 7.4 days) and cost (17373.3 CNY vs. 23717.1 CNY) were statistically less in Group 1. Group 2 had significantly less total estimated blood loss (70.6 ml vs. 130.0 ml, P < 0.001). The operation time of two cases in Group 1 with perioperative sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was more than two hours.

Our preliminary results indicated that both one-stage and two-stage mt-mPCNL were safe and effective for pediatric complex renal calculi. Two-stage mt-mPCNL could significantly reduce blood loss; while one-stage mt-mPCNL could significantly decrease the length and costs of hospitalization. We also suggest that the planned two-stage mt-mPCNL should be applied in children with estimated operation time more than two hours.

International urology and nephrology. 2018 Dec 12 [Epub ahead of print]

Ben-Yi Fan, Lan Gu, Harripersaud Chand, Wen-Jun Liu, Jun-Bin Yuan

Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China., Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China., Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .