Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy in the treatment of renal tumors. Methods: The 65 patients with renal tumors undergoing laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy from November 2017 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 46 males and 19 females. The average age was (56.6±14.1) years. The mean body mass index was (25.7±3.3) kg/m2. The tumors located in the left kidney in 30 cases and the right kidney in 35 cases. The ECOG score was 0 in 59 patients and 1 in 6 patients. The mean maximum diameter of the tumors was (2.3±1.0) cm(1.0-5.0 cm). According to R.E.N.A.L. scoring, 41 cases were of low difficulty (4-6 points), 23 cases of medium difficulty (7-9 points) and 1 case of high difficulty (10-12 points). The renal tumors were ablated by laparoscopic microwave ablation, then followed by partial nephrectomy. Postoperative complications were observed and the prognosis was assessed by CT or MRI. Results: The mean duration of operation was (76.6±19.4) min (40-120 min). The median intraoperative blood loss was 20 ml(5-50 ml). The median duration of postoperative hospitalization was 4 d(3-6 d). Complications of Clavien grade Ⅰ were found in 11 patients (fever, nausea and vomiting, lumbar pain), and no complications were grade Ⅱ or above. Postoperative pathology showed that no positive margin was found, and 46 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (AJCC stage: T1a stage 42 cases, T1b stage 4 cases; WHO/ISUP classification: 21 cases of grade 1, 23 cases of grade 2, 2 cases of grade 3); 2 cases of type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma (stage T1a, grade 1); 1 case of type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (T1b stage, grade 2); 2 cases of renal chromophobe carcinoma (all stage T1a); 1 case of low-grade malignant potential multilocular cystic renal tumor; 2 cases of adenocarcinoma (combined with the postoperative history of rectal cancer, metastasis was considered); 6 cases of renal angiomyolipoma; 2 cases of eosinophiloma; 1 case of papillary adenoma; 1 case of benign renal cyst and 1 case of renal hemangioma with calcification. The median follow-up was 24 months (1-42 months). Sixty-three patients survived and two died (one due to heart disease and one due to metastatic colorectal cancer). According to postoperative imaging, there were no signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis in other cases. Blood tests were performed regularly, and no significant abnormalities occurred. Conclusions: The safety and efficacy of laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy for the treatment of renal tumor is satisfactory, such as less intraoperative bleeding, fewer complications, less effect on renal function and postoperative pathology, providing a potential option for renal tumor treatment.
目的： 探索经腹腔镜微波消融联合肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的安全性和疗效。 方法： 回顾性分析2017年11月至2021年5月北京大学肿瘤医院65例行腹腔镜下微波消融联合肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤患者的临床资料。其中男46例、女19例。年龄（56.6±14.1）岁，体质指数（25.7±3.3）kg/m2；左肾肿瘤30例，右肾肿瘤35例。患者东部肿瘤协作组（ECOG）评分59例0分，6例1分；肿瘤最大径（2.3±1.0）cm（1.0~5.0 cm）。R.E.N.A.L.评分4~6分41例，7~9分23例，10~12分1例。腹腔镜下微波消融肾肿瘤后行肾部分切除术。观察手术并发症，术后应用CT或MRI定期随访评估预后。 结果： 患者手术时间（76.6±19.4）min（40~120 min）。术中中位出血量20 ml（5~50 ml）。术后中位住院时间4 d（3~6 d），并发症Clavien Ⅰ级11例（发热、恶心呕吐、腰部疼痛），无Ⅱ级及以上并发症。术后病理结果示，所有患者未见肿瘤切缘阳性，肾透明细胞癌46例［美国癌症联合委员会（AJCC）病理分期：T1a期42例，T1b期4例；世界卫生组织/国际泌尿病理学会（WHO/ISUP）病理分级：1级21例，2级23例，3级2例］；1型乳头状肾细胞癌2例（均为T1a期，1级）；2型乳头状肾细胞癌1例（T1b期，2级）；肾嫌色细胞癌2例（均为T1a期）；低度恶性潜能多房囊性肾肿瘤1例；腺癌2例（结合直肠癌术后病史，考虑转移）；肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤6例；嗜酸细胞瘤2例；乳头状腺瘤1例；良性肾囊肿1例；肾血管瘤伴钙化1例。术后中位随访24个月（1~42个月），63例患者存活，2例死亡（1例因心脏疾病，1例因直肠癌转移）。结合术后影像学复查，其他患者均未见肾肿瘤复发和转移征象。定期复查肾功能基本正常。 结论： 腹腔镜下微波消融联合肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的安全性和疗效良好，术中出血少，对肾功能影响小，并发症少，且不影响术后病理诊断，为肾肿瘤提供了一种安全有效的治疗选择。.
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi. 2021 Dec 14 [Epub]
B A Hong, X Du, Y P Ji, Q Zhao, S Wang, J Liu, Y D Cao, X Yang, P Du, Y Yang, N Zhang
Department of Urology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing 100142,China.