Social determinants of kidney stone disease: the impact of race, income and access on urolithiasis treatment and outcomes.

The medical and surgical management of kidney stones is one of the most common functions of the urologist. Management choices are often nuanced, involving the decision to embark on one surgical plan among several options.

As the wider medical community critically evaluates the care we provide to an increasingly diverse population, it will be important to examine patient outcomes with a particular focus on ensuring equitable care. This review examines the influence of social parameters on the care of kidney stone patients. The dearth of literature in this area warrants rigorous studies on the relationship between race as well as socioeconomic status and the management of kidney stone disease.

Urology. 2021 Sep 07 [Epub ahead of print]

Kymora B Scotland, Manuel Armas-Phan, Georgina Dominique, David Bayne

University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite 140, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Electronic address: ., Emory University, Urology, The Emory Clinic, Building B, Suite 1403, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322. Electronic address: ., University of California Los Angeles, 200 Medical Plaza Driveway, Suite 140, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Electronic address: ., University of California San Francisco, Urology, 400 Parnassus Ave, 6th floor Urology Clinics A638, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143. Electronic address: .

Go Beyond the Abstract and Read a Commentary by the Authors