In North America, ureteroscopy has become the most popular treatment modality for upper urinary tract urinary calculi. Herein we describe our technique for the treatment of renal stones with flexible ureteroscopy and high-power holmium laser lithotripsy. We discuss preoperative planning, intraoperative strategies, and laser settings for a high-frequency dusting technique with the goal to provide optimal patient outcomes.
The Canadian journal of urology. 2023 Jun [Epub]
Andrew M Higgins, Michael J Wolf, Russell E N Becker, Khurshid R Ghani
Division of Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA., Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.