Early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is crucial for maintaining the health and well-being of aging male populations. This study aims to evaluate the performance of transfer learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for efficient classification of PCa and BPH in transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images. A retrospective experimental design was employed in this study, with 1380 TRUS images for PCa and 1530 for BPH. Seven state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) methods were employed as classifiers with transfer learning applied to popular CNN architectures. Performance indices, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Kappa value, and Hindex (Youden's index), were used to assess the feasibility and efficacy of the CNN methods. The CNN methods with transfer learning demonstrated a high classification performance for TRUS images, with all accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, PPV, NPV, Kappa, and Hindex values surpassing 0.9400. The optimal accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity reached 0.9987, 0.9980, and 0.9980, respectively, as evaluated using twofold cross-validation. The investigated CNN methods with transfer learning showcased their efficiency and ability for the classification of PCa and BPH in TRUS images. Notably, the EfficientNetV2 with transfer learning displayed a high degree of effectiveness in distinguishing between PCa and BPH, making it a promising tool for future diagnostic applications.
Scientific reports. 2023 Dec 09*** epublish ***
Te-Li Huang, Nan-Han Lu, Yung-Hui Huang, Wen-Hung Twan, Li-Ren Yeh, Kuo-Ying Liu, Tai-Been Chen
Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan., Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan. ., Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan., Department of Life Sciences, National Taitung University, No.369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung, 95092, Taiwan., Department of Anesthesiology, E-DA Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan., Department of Radiology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd., Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan., Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan. .