Varicoceles can be a source of elevated seminal oxidative stress (OS) and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). However, it remains unclear whether varicocele repair (VR) could reduce these parameters. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aims to investigate the impact of VR on SDF and seminal malondialdehyde (MDA).
A literature search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and Cochrane databases. This SRMA included randomized controlled trials and observational studies reporting the pre- and postoperative levels of SDF and seminal OS in infertile men with clinical varicocele that underwent VR. Subgroup analyses included techniques of VR and SDF testing. The effect size was expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD).
Out of 1,632 abstracts assessed for eligibility, 29 studies with 1,491 infertile men were included. The analysis showed a significant reduction in SDF after VR, compared to preoperative values (SMD -1.125, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.410, -0.840; p<0.0001) with high inter-study heterogeneity (I²=90.965%). Reduction in SDF was evident with microsurgical technique and non-microsurgical inguinal approaches (SMD -1.014, 95% CI -1.263, -0.765; p<0.0001, and SMD -1.495, 95% CI -2.116, -0.873; p<0.0001), respectively. Reduction in SDF was significant irrespective of testing was done by sperm chromatin dispersion (SMD -2.197, 95% CI -3.187, -1.207; p<0.0001), sperm chromatin structure assay (SMD -0.857, 95% CI -1.156, -0.559; p<0.0001) or TUNEL (SMD -1.599, 95% CI -2.478, -0.719; p<0.0001). A significant decrease in seminal MDA levels was observed following VR (SMD -2.450, 95% CI -3.903 to -0.997, p=0.001) with high inter-study heterogeneity (I²=93.7%).
Using pre- and post-intervention data, this SRMA indicates a significant reduction in SDF and seminal MDA levels in infertile men with clinical varicocele treated with VR. These findings may have important implications for the future management of this selected group of infertile patients.
The world journal of men's health. 2024 Jan 02 [Epub ahead of print]
Rossella Cannarella, Rupin Shah, Ramadan Saleh, Florence Boitrelle, Taha Abo-Almagd Abdel-Meguid Hamoda, Rajender Singh, Gianmaria Salvio, Tuncay Toprak, Marco Falcone, Murat Gul, Fotios Dimitriadis, Amarnath Rambhatla, Giorgio I Russo, Edmund Ko, Armand Zini, Parviz Kavoussi, Nguyen Ho Vinh Phuoc, Hussein Kandil, Ramy Abou Ghayda, Ponco Birowo, Nazim Gherabi, Erman Ceyhan, Jie Dong, Vineet Malhotra, Damayanthi Durairajanayagam, Bircan Kolbasi, Fahmi Bahar, Gokhan Calik, Selahittin Çayan, Germar-Michael Pinggera, Aldo E Calogero, Osvaldo Rajmil, Taymour Mostafa, Widi Atmoko, Ahmed M Harraz, Tan V Le, Jean de la Rosette, Lukman Hakim, Edoardo Pescatori, Oleg Sergeyev, Ayman Rashed, Pallavi Saini, Ashok Agarwal
Department of Urology, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA., Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH, USA., Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy., Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.