Infertility has been defined as a failure to conceive for at least 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. The male factors are responsible for about 50 % of cases. Various factors such as endocrine, immunological, genetic, exposure to toxicants, and idiopathic factors are involved in male infertility. Recently, the role of PTEs in reproductive performance has been explored by various studies.
Current systematic review and meta-analysis have been carried out to compile and statistically analyze the findings of relevant studies and reach some conclusion.
A literature search was done according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in three scientific literature databases; PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. The study's protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023465776).
Meta-analysis of lead in the blood of infertile cases and healthy controls indicated a significant association with male infertility, observed standard mean difference (SMD) was 0.67 at 95 % confidence interval (CI) (0.07, 1.28), and p = 0.03. In the case of lead analysis in semen, the values are as follows: SMD = 1.19 at 95 % CI (0.42, 1.96) with p = 0.002. Significant association appears for cadmium in semen with SMD 0.92 at 95 % CI (0.54, 1.29) and p < 0.00001. No significant association was observed for arsenic, barium, and mercury in blood.
Most of the studies focus on the detection of PTE in semen samples followed by blood as sample type. Lead and cadmium exposure is significantly associated with male infertility. However, non-significant results for arsenic, barium, and mercury are observed.
Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction. 2024 Mar 28 [Epub ahead of print]
Mandeep Kaur, Ahelee Ghosal, Rajinder Kaur, Kiran Chhabra, Harmanpreet Singh Kapoor, Preeti Khetarpal
Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University Patiala, 147002, India., Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India., Chhabra Hospital & Test Tube Baby Centre, Bathinda, 151001, India., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India., Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India. Electronic address: .