Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a frustrating syndrome. The pathogenesis and state of the art treatment of CP/CPPS are not known. A wide variety of therapies including anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, alpha-blockers, neuropathic pain modulators, and 5α-reductase inhibitors are in practice. These treatment strategies focus on alleviating symptoms in specific domains without treating root-cause and therapeutic outcome is far from satisfactory. We review the literature on current pharmacological treatments for CP/CPPS in detail and suggest future perspectives to modify the treatment strategies. We suggest that introducing novel treatment strategies such as gene editing, and Tregs expressing chimeric receptors may improve the treatment outcomes by inducing immune tolerance and controlling expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
European journal of pharmacology. 2019 Jun 03 [Epub ahead of print]
Madanraj Appiya Santharam, Farhan Ullah Khan, Muhammad Naveed, Usman Ali, Muhammad Zaeem Ahsan, Puregmaa Khongorzul, Rana Muhammad Shoaib, Awais Ullah Ihsan
Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China., Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211166, PR China., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China., State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China. Electronic address: .