To develop a simple prostate volume (PV) calculator which can aid in managing patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic enlargement at daily urology services in developing Asian countries.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of men above 40 years with no history of prostate cancer, prostate surgery or 5α-reductase inhibitor treatment. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and total PV were measured in each subject. Potential sociodemographic and clinical variables including age, weight, comorbidities and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were collected. Of 1,034 subjects, 837 were used in building the PV calculator using regression analysis. The remaining 1/5 (n=197) was used for model validation.
There were 1,034 multi-ethnic Asian men (Chinese 52.9%, Malay 35.4% and Indian 11.7%) with mean age of 60±7.6years. Average PV was 29.4±13.0ml whilst the overall mean of PSA was 1.7±1.7ng/ml. We identified age, IPSS, weight and PSA (all p<0.05) in the PV regression model. Using the validation set, the coefficient of determination (R2) of this PV calculator was 0.47 where PV = 20.6 + (Age-60)*0.1 + (IPSS score)*0.1+(Weight-70)*0.3 + (history of alpha-blocker treatment for LUTS)*9.6+PSA*3.7. The area under curve of this model in predicting PV above 30 ml and 40ml were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.75 - 0.88) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87 - 0.96) respectively.
We develop a PV calculator which is simple and accurate to be used in routine clinical consultation for LUTS patients. A separate study is important to confirm and validate the findings in other populations.
Urology. 2018 May 07 [Epub ahead of print]
Jasmine Lim, Sanjay Rampal, Azad Hassan Abdul Razack, Rohan Malek, Murali Sundram, Noor Azam Nasuha, Chong Chien Ooi, Teng Aik Ong, Selvalingam Sothilingam
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Julius Center University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Department of Urology, Selayang Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia., Department of Urology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia., Department of Surgery, Raja Perempuan Zainab II Hospital, Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia., Department of Urology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia; Department of Surgery, Melaka Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia., Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: .