Despite advances in therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), relapses continue to occur and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Individuals who relapse after stem cell transplantation (SCT) have an especially poor prognosis and typically require intensive systemic therapy in order to provide any chance of cure.
The majority of relapses occur within two years following SCT; relapses later than four years post-SCT are rare. Here we describe an isolated testicular relapse of ALL 11 years after SCT, treated with local control measures only, and review the literature for other cases of very late ALL relapse following SCT.
Urology. 2015 Oct 26 [Epub ahead of print]
Rishabh Singh, James T Mills, William C Petersen Jr, Sean T Corbett
School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. , Department of Urology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia. , Department of Urology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia.