To assess the relationship between depression and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in females.
A cross-section study was conducted using from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. Data on the association of depression by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and SUI by questionnaire answerin women. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Non-linear associations between the PHQ-9 score and SUI were explored using restricted cubic spline analysis (RCS), with a non-linear likelihood ratio test applied. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted, and multiple imputation methods for missing covariates were employed to ensure the stability of the results.
A total of 10,797 participants were included in the analysis. Clinical depression is associated with SUI (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.69-2.20, P < 0.001), and different severities of depression also exhibit a association with SUI. The OR and 95% CI for SUI in combination with mild, moderate, and moderate to severe depression are 1.52 (1.37-1.69), 2.10 (1.78-2.47), and 2.28 (1.86-2.79), respectively. The relationship between PHQ-9 score and incontinence demonstrates a nonlinear pattern (P for non-linearity < 0.001), with a 7% increased risk for every one-point increase in the PHQ-9 score. The results are kept stable in different subgroups and multiple interpolations, and no interaction existed.
In conclusion, US females suggested that depression are associated with the risk of SUI.
Urology. 2024 Dec 03 [Epub ahead of print]
Ting Pan, Tiantian He, Hongwei Yuan, Xue Bai, Wenting Sun, Yuxuan Li, Zehao Zheng, Peng Bai
The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine., Beijing Jishuitan Hospital of Capital Medical University., Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine., The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Electronic address: .