To explore the relationship between racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities and self-reported work productivity in urinary incontinence females.
This was a retrospective observational and secondary analysis of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases database trials. We included females with stress urinary incontinence and ≥ 21 years old. The primary outcome was self-reported work productivity evaluated using a proportional-odds regression model. A backward elimination method was utilized to create a final reduced model. The socioeconomic predictors were age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, personal income, and language.
We included 1252 participants with a median age of 52 years old. Whites accounted for 76.2% of total participants, while Hispanics constituted 11.4% only. Work productivity of Hispanic or non-Hispanic other group was greatly affected compared to whites (OR: 1.771, p value: 0.0008 and OR:1.592, p value= 0.0231 respectively). Work productivity of patients with higher education was less affected compared to less educated patients. Married females were less likely to report being greatly affected in work productivity than non-married females (OR 0.663, p-value 0.0005). Age, income, and language were not predictive of the outcome variable in the final model.
Our finding showed that racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities play an important role in individuals' work productivity. Future research is needed to the influence of social determinants of health not captured by racial and socioeconomic factors.
Urology. 2024 Jun 28 [Epub ahead of print]
Rawan O Almadfaa, Patricia R Wigle, Alex C Lin, Angelica Hardee, Jeff J Guo, Ana L Hincapie
Division of Pharmacy Practice & Administrative Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 3225 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267-0004; Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: ., Division of Pharmacy Practice & Administrative Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 3225 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267-0004., School of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0068, USA.