Penile cancer is a rare cancer for which no medical guidelines have been established before in Japan. These guidelines aim to standardize, as much as possible, the therapeutic modality for penile cancer, for which empirical evidence is limited on a global scale, thereby bolstering therapeutic outcomes for patients with penile cancer. The new guidelines conform to the Minds Guide for Developing Clinical Practice Guidelines (2017) as much as possible. However, virtually no randomized comparative studies and meta-analyses based on such randomized studies have been conducted. Therefore, only the findings available at present were listed after conducting an exhaustive literature review of items with extremely low evidence levels and for which bodies of evidence and grades of recommendation were not evaluated. Clinical questions were set for items with a relatively large number of studies, including retrospective studies. However, since it is virtually impracticable to summarize bodies of evidence by systematic reviews, recommendation grades and evidence levels were discussed and determined by the consensus panel of the Preparatory Committee. The following were outlined: epidemiological, pathological, diagnostic, therapeutic, follow-up, and quality of life-related findings. Additionally, seven clinical questions were established to determine recommendation grades and evidence levels. We hope that these guidelines will prove to be useful to medical professionals engaged in clinical practice related to penile cancer in Japan and anticipate that critical reviews of the guidelines will lead to further refinement of the next edition.
International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association. 2022 May 28 [Epub ahead of print]
Takahiro Yamaguchi, Yutaka Sugiyama, Toshiaki Tanaka, Tomokazu Kimura, Yasushi Yumura, Masahiro Nakano, Takayuki Sugiyama, Noriyoshi Miura, Masato Goya, Akira Yamamoto, Satoru Takahashi, Yuji Miura, Toyonori Tsuzuki, Naoya Masumori, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Masahiro Yao, Takuya Koie, Hideaki Miyake, Takashi Saika, Seiichi Saito, Tetsuo Akimoto, Tsutomu Tamada, Yuichi Ando, Satoru Takahashi, Takaaki Suzuki, Shiro Hinotsu, Tomomi Kamba
Department of Urology, Faculty of Life Sciences Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan., Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan., Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan., Reproduction Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan., Department of Endourology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan., Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan., Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan., Department of Urology, Chubu Tokushukai Hospital, Kitanakagusuku, Japan., Department of Radiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan., Imaging Research Center, Takatsuki General Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan., Department of Clinical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan., Department of Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan., Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan., Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan., Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan., Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan., Department of Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan., Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Nara Medical University Library, Kashihara, Japan., Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.