Penile cancer (PC) still presents a health threat for developing countries, in particular Brazil. Despite this, little progress has been made on the study of markers, including molecular ones, that can aid in the correct management of the patient, especially concerning lymphadenectomy. As in other neoplasms, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been investigated for penile cancer, with emphasis on microRNAs, piRNAs (PIWI-interacting small RNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). In this context, this review aims to assemble the available knowledge on non-coding RNA linked in PC, contributing to our understanding of the penile carcinogenesis process and addressing their clinical relevance. ncRNAs are part of the novel generation of biomarkers, with high potential for diagnosis and prognosis, orientating the type of treatment. Furthermore, its versatility regarding the use of paraffin samples makes it possible to carry out retrospective studies.
Frontiers in oncology. 2022 May 13*** epublish ***
Jaqueline Diniz Pinho, Gyl Eanes Barros Silva, Antonio Augusto Lima Teixeira-Júnior, Thalita Moura Silva Rocha, Lecildo Lira Batista, Amanda Marques de Sousa, José de Ribamar Rodrigues Calixto, Rommel Rodrigues Burbano, Carolina Rosal Teixeira de Souza, André Salim Khayat
Zé Doca Center for Higher Studies, State University of Maranhão, Zé Doca, Brazil., Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil., Oncology Research Center, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil., Department of Medicine, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil., Laboratory Biology Molecular, Ophir Loyola Hospital Ophir, Belém, Brazil., Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.