To investigate the value of the presurgical inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), the modified GPS (mGPS), and the high-sensitivity modified GPS (Hs-mGPS) in penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) without distant metastasis and develop a tool to predict the overall survival (OS) of PSCC patients.
We retrospectively enrolled 271 PSCC patients without distant metastasis from 2006 to 2021. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts by a 7:3 ratio-a training cohort (n = 191) and a validation cohort (n = 80). We performed cox regression analyses on the training cohort and constructed a nomogram to predict OS over 1, 3, and 5 years. Data from the validation cohort was used to validate the nomogram's predictive power.
According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, elevated CRP (P < .001), hypoalbuminemia (P = .008), higher CAR (P < .001), higher GPS score (P < .001), higher mGPS score (P < .001), and higher Hs-mGPS score (P = .015) were associated with a decreased overall survival. GPS score, along with age, pathology N stage, and grade, was found to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in the multivariate analysis. We constructed a nomogram based on the prespecified variables predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS. The C-indexes of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.871 and 0.869, respectively. The decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram had a larger net benefit. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant differences between the risk groups categorized according to the nomogram (P < .001).
Inflammation biomarkers of systemic inflammation and nutritional status play an important role in individual OS predictions for PSCC patients without distant monitoring. The establishment of the nomogram provided a tool to predict the survival of 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in PSCC patients without distant metastasis.
Clinical genitourinary cancer. 2023 Apr 05 [Epub ahead of print]
Ting Xue, Zai-Shang Li, Chong Wu, Yong-Hong Li, Zhuo-Wei Liu, Zi-Ke Qin, Kai Yao, Fang-Jian Zhou, Hui Han
Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China., Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinic Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Minimally Invasive Urology of Shenzhen Research and Development Center of Medical Engineering and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China., Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China., Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: ., Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: .