New tumor biomarkers open the potential for designing personalized therapy for penile squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the initial promising results of some biomarkers, controversy remains due to contradictory studies. Further robust research work is required before incorporating biomarkers in the personalized management of penile cancer. This narrative review aims to highlight some of the most commonly and recently investigated biomarkers of penile cancer and to summarize the ongoing registered clinical trials for the management of penile cancer patients.
Urology research & practice. 2023 May [Epub]
Naufal Naushad, Abdalla A Deb, Ayman A Agag, Hosam A Serag, Vijay K Sangar
Department of Urology, Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK., Department of Urology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK., Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, UK., Department of Urology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.