Penile cancer, while rare, is a critical public health issue due to its profound impact on patients and the complexities of its management. The disease's multifactorial etiology includes risk factors such as HPV infection, poor hygiene, smoking, genetic predispositions, and socioeconomic determinants. This article provides a comprehensive review and analysis of these diverse risk factors, aiming to enhance understanding of the disease's underlying causes. By elucidating these factors, the article seeks to inform and improve prevention strategies, early detection methods, and therapeutic interventions. A nuanced grasp of the multifactorial nature of penile cancer can enable healthcare professionals to develop more effective approaches to reducing incidence rates and improving patient outcomes.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 2024 Aug 16*** epublish ***
Ugo Amicuzi, Marco Grillo, Marco Stizzo, Michelangelo Olivetta, Simone Tammaro, Luigi Napolitano, Pasquale Reccia, Luigi De Luca, Andrea Rubinacci, Giampiero Della Rosa, Arturo Lecce, Paola Coppola, Salvatore Papi, Francesco Trama, Lorenzo Romano, Carmine Sciorio, Lorenzo Spirito, Felice Crocetto, Celeste Manfredi, Francesco Del Giudice, Matteo Ferro, Bernardo Rocco, Octavian Sabin Tataru, Raffaele Balsamo, Giuseppe Lucarelli, Dario Del Biondo, Biagio Barone
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