Statins may potentiate the effects of anti-hormonal agents for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) through further disruption of essential steroidogenic processes. We investigated the effects of statin use on clinical outcomes in patients with mCRPC receiving abiraterone or enzalutamide.
This was a retrospective multicenter study including patients that received abiraterone or enzalutamide for mCRPC. The effect of concurrent statin use on outcomes was evaluated. The associations of statins with early (≤12 weeks) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) declines (> 30%), cancer-specific survival and overall survival (OS) were evaluated after controlling for known prognostic factors.
Five hundred and ninety-eight patients treated with second-line abiraterone or enzalutamide after docetaxel for mCRPC were included. A total of 199 men (33.3%) received statins during abiraterone/enzalutamide treatment. Median OS was 20.8 months (95% CI = 18.3-23.2) for patients who received statins, versus 12.9 months (95% CI = 11.4-14.6) for patients who did not receive statins (P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, alkaline phosphatase, PSA, neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio, Charlson comorbidity score, Gleason score, visceral disease, hemoglobin, opiate use and abiraterone versus enzalutamide treatment, the use of statin therapy was associated with a 53% reduction in the overall risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.35-0.63; P < 0.001). Statin use was also associated with a 63% increased odds of a > 30% PSA decline within the first 12 weeks of treatment (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.03-2.60; P = 0.039).
In this retrospective cohort, statin use was significantly associated with both prolonged OS and cancer-specific survival and increased early > 30% PSA declines. Prospective validation is warranted.
Oncotarget. 2018 Apr 13*** epublish ***
Jacob A Gordon, Carlo Buonerba, Gregory Pond, Daniel Crona, Silke Gillessen, Giuseppe Lucarelli, Sabrina Rossetti, Tanya Dorff, Salvatore Artale, Jennifer A Locke, Davide Bosso, Matthew Ivan Milowsky, Mira Sofie Witek, Michele Battaglia, Sandro Pignata, Cyrus Cherhroudi, Michael E Cox, Pietro De Placido, Dario Ribera, Aurelius Omlin, Gaetano Buonocore, Kim Chi, Christian Kollmannsberger, Daniel Khalaf, Gaetano Facchini, Guru Sonpavde, Sabino De Placido, Bernhard J Eigl, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
Vancouver Prostate Center, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada., Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy., McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA., Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland., Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., S.S.D Oncologia Clinica Sperimentale Uro-Andrologica, Dipartimento Corp-S Assistenziale dei Percorsi Oncologici Uro-Genitale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy., University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA., Oncology Department, Ospedale di Gallarate ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate, Italy., Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynecologi cal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy., Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Hospital Directorate, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy., BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada., Genitourinary Oncology Section, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.