Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement in midlife predicts long-term prostate cancer (PCa) mortality among white men.
To determine whether baseline PSA level during midlife predicts risk of aggressive PCa in black men.
Nested case-control study among black men in the Southern Community Cohort Study recruited between 2002 and 2009. A prospective cohort in the southeastern USA with recruitment from community health centers. A total of 197 incident PCa patients aged 40-64 yr at study entry and 569 controls matched on age, date of blood draw, and site of enrollment. Total PSA was measured in blood collected and stored at enrollment.
Total and aggressive PCa (91 aggressive: Gleason ≥7, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III/IV, or PCa-specific death). Exact conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PCa by category of baseline PSA.
Median PSA among controls was 0.72, 0.80, 0.94, and 1.03ng/ml for age groups 40-49, 50-54, 55-59, and 60-64 yr, respectively; 90th percentile levels were 1.68, 1.85, 2.73, and 3.33ng/ml. Furthermore, 95% of total and 97% of aggressive cases had baseline PSA above the age-specific median. Median follow-up was 9 yr. The OR for total PCa comparing PSA >90th percentile versus ≤median was 83.6 (95% CI, 21.2-539) for 40-54 yr and 71.7 (95% CI, 23.3-288) for 55-64 yr. For aggressive cancer, ORs were 174 (95% CI, 32.3-infinity) for 40-54 yr and 51.8 (95% CI, 11.0-519) for 55-64 yr. A composite endpoint of aggressive PCa based on stage, grade, and mortality was used and is a limitation.
PSA levels in midlife strongly predicted total and aggressive PCa among black men. PSA levels among controls were similar to those among white controls in prior studies.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level during midlife strongly predicted future development of aggressive prostate cancer among black men. Targeted screening based on a midlife PSA might identify men at high risk while minimizing screening in those men at low risk.
European urology. 2018 Sep 17 [Epub]
Mark A Preston, Travis Gerke, Sigrid V Carlsson, Lisa Signorello, Daniel D Sjoberg, Sarah C Markt, Adam S Kibel, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Mark Steinwandel, William Blot, Andrew J Vickers, Hans Lilja, Lorelei A Mucci, Kathryn M Wilson
Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: ., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA., Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA., Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: .