Sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) are urgently needed. Urine samples are a non-invasive means to obtain abundant and readily accessible "liquid biopsies". Herein we used urine liquid biopsies to identify and characterize a novel group of urine-enriched RNAs and metabolites in patients with PCa and normal individuals with or without benign prostatic disease. Differentially expressed RNAs were identified in urine samples by deep sequencing and metabolites in urine were measured by mass spectrometry. mRNA and metabolite profiles were distinct in patients with benign and malignant disease. Integrated analysis of urinary gene expression and metabolite signatures unveiled an aberrant glutamate metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle node in prostate cancer-derived cells. Functional validation supported a role for glutamate metabolism and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1)-dependent redox balance in PCa, which could be exploited for novel biomarkers and therapies. In this study, we discovered cancer-specific changes in urinary RNAs and metabolites, paving the way for the development of sensitive and specific urinary PCa diagnostic biomarkers either alone or in combination. Our methodology was based on single void urine samples (i.e., without prostatic massage). The integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic data from these liquid biopsies revealed a glutamate metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle node that was specific to prostate-derived cancer cells and cancer-specific metabolic changes in urine.
Scientific reports. 2020 Feb 28*** epublish ***
Bongyong Lee, Iqbal Mahmud, John Marchica, Paweł Dereziński, Feng Qi, Fubo Wang, Piyush Joshi, Felipe Valerio, Inoel Rivera, Vipul Patel, Christian P Pavlovich, Timothy J Garrett, Gary P Schroth, Yinghao Sun, Ranjan J Perera
Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 6th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA., Department Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA., Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780, Poznan, Poland., Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA., Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, China., Florida Urology Associates, 1812 N. Mills Avenue, Orlando, FL, 32803, USA., Global Robotics Institute, 410 Celebration Place, Suite 200, Celebration, FL, 34747, USA., The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA., Illumina, Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA., Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, 600 6th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA. .