To explore the association between three previously identified dietary patterns (Western, Prudent and Mediterranean) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk by tumour aggressiveness.
The Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study provided dietary and epidemiological information from 15 296 men recruited during the period 1992-1996. The associations between the adherence to the three dietary patterns and PCa risk (global, for Gleason grade groups 6 and >6, and for International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade 1 + 2 and ISUP grade 3 + 4 + 5) was explored with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by centre and age.
While no effect on PCa risk was detected for the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns, a suggestion of a detrimental effect of the Western dietary pattern was found (hazard ratio [HR]Q4vsQ1 1.29 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.96;1.72]). This effect was only observed for Gleason grade group >6 (HRQ3vsQ1 1.61 [95% CI 1.00; 2.59] and HRQ4vsQ1 1.60 [95% CI 0.96; 2.67]) and in particular ISUP grade 3 + 4 + 5 tumours (HRQ2vsQ1 1.97 [95% CI 0.98; 3.93]; HRQ3vsQ1 2.72 (95% CI 1.35; 5.51); HRQ4vsQ1 2.29 [95% CI 1.07; 4.92]).
Our results suggest that a high adherence to a healthy diet such as that represented by the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns is not enough to prevent prostate cancer. Additionally, reducing adherence to a Western-type diet seems to be necessary.
BJU international. 2023 Apr 19 [Epub ahead of print]
Adela Castelló, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Maria Dolores Chirlaque, Catalina Bonet, Pilar Amiano, Eva Ardanaz, José María Huerta, Raúl Zamora-Ros, José Ramon Quirós, Aurelio Barricarte-Gurrea, Marina Pollán, María-José Sanchez
School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain., Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain., Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain., Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain.