To develop diagnostic algorithms of multisequence prostate magnetic resonance imaging for cancer detection and segmentation using deep learning and explore values of dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging in multiparametric imaging, compared with biparametric imaging.
We collected 3227 multiparametric imaging sets from 332 patients, including 218 cancer patients (291 biopsy-proven foci) and 114 noncancer patients. Diagnostic algorithms of T2-weighted, T2-weighted plus dynamic contrast-enhanced, biparametric, and multiparametric imaging were built using 2578 sets, and their performance for clinically significant cancer was evaluated using 649 sets.
Biparametric and multiparametric imaging had following region-based performance: sensitivity of 71.9% and 74.8% (p = 0.394) and positive predictive value of 61.3% and 74.8% (p = 0.013), respectively. In side-specific analyses of cancer images, the specificity was 72.6% and 89.5% (p < 0.001) and the negative predictive value was 78.9% and 83.5% (p = 0.364), respectively. False-negative cancer on multiparametric imaging was smaller (p = 0.002) and more dominant with grade group ≤2 (p = 0.028) than true positive foci. In the peripheral zone, false-positive regions on biparametric imaging turned out to be true negative on multiparametric imaging more frequently compared with the transition zone (78.3% vs. 47.2%, p = 0.018). In contrast, T2-weighted plus dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging had lower specificity than T2-weighted imaging (41.1% vs. 51.6%, p = 0.042).
When using deep learning, multiparametric imaging provides superior performance to biparametric imaging in the specificity and positive predictive value, especially in the peripheral zone. Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging helps reduce overdiagnosis in multiparametric imaging.
International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association. 2023 Aug 22 [Epub ahead of print]
Yoh Matsuoka, Yoshihiko Ueno, Sho Uehara, Hiroshi Tanaka, Masaki Kobayashi, Hajime Tanaka, Soichiro Yoshida, Minato Yokoyama, Itsuo Kumazawa, Yasuhisa Fujii
Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan., Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan., Department of Radiology, Ochanomizu Surugadai Clinic, Tokyo, Japan., Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.