Five-Year Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography-Based Outcomes of Spot-Scanning Proton Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Single Institution Experience

Purpose: We report 5-year oncologic outcomes of a prospective series of patients with prostate cancer treated with spot-scanning proton therapy (SSPT).

Methods and Materials: A prospective registry identified patients with prostate cancer treated with SSPT between January 2016 and December 2018. Five-year overall survival, local control, biochemical failure, regional and distant failures, and adverse events (AEs) were assessed. Biochemical failure was defined as rise in prostate-specific antigen ≥ 2.0 ng/mL above nadir prostate-specific antigen. Baseline-adjusted toxicities were assigned using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.

Results: With a median follow-up of 4.4 years, 284 patients with prostate cancer were treated with SSPT. Median total radiation dose was 79.2 Gy over 44 fractions, 70 Gy over 28 fractions, and 38 Gy over 5 fractions for conventional fractionation (CF), hypofractionation (HF), and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), respectively. Biochemical failure rate for all patients was 6.7%. Five-year local control rates for CF, HF, and SBRT were 100%, 100%, and 97.3%, respectively (P = .07). Regional recurrences occurred in 12 (4.2%) patients: 8 treated with CF, 2 with HF, and 2 with SBRT (P = .62). Distant failures occurred in 12 patients (4.2%): 5 treated with CF, 7 with HF, and none with SBRT (P = .05). Five-year overall survival for patients treated with CF, HF, and SBRT SSPT were 88.1%, 86.1%, and 97.2%, respectively (P = .1). Acute and chronic grade 2+ gastrointestinal AEs occurred in 8 (2.8%) and 51 (18.0%) patients, respectively. Acute and chronic grade 3+ gastrointestinal AEs occurred in 3 (1.1%) and 4 (1.4%) patients, respectively. Acute and chronic grade 2+ genitourinary-related AEs were observed in 71 (25%) and 63 (22.2%) patients, respectively. Acute and chronic grade 3+ genitourinary toxicity were observed in 3 (1.1%) and 6 (2.1%) patients, respectively.

Conclusions: SSPT provides high local control rates and excellent oncologic outcomes across different fractionation schedules with low long-term AE rates.

Will Sperduto, MDa   ∙ Molly M. Voss, BSb ∙ Brady Laughlin, MDa ∙ Diego A.S. Toesca, MDa ∙ William W. Wong, MDa ∙ Sameer R. Keole, MD, FASTROa ∙ Jean-Claude M. Rwigema, MDa ∙ Nathan Y. Yu, MDa ∙ Steven E. Schild, MDa ∙ Sarah E. James, MD, PhDa ∙ Thomas B. Daniels, MDc ∙ Todd A. DeWees, PhDd ∙ Carlos E. Vargas, MDa

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
  2. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
  3. Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Phoenix, Arizona
  4. Department of Qualitative Health Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
Source: Sperduto, Will et al. Five-Year Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography-Based Outcomes of Spot-Scanning Proton Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Single Institution Experience. Advances in Radiation Oncology, Volume 9, Issue 11, 101639.