Biomarkers are molecules such as proteins, genes, or other substances that may be tested to determine the stage of the tumor in a patient. The role of prostate cancer biomarkers is pivotal and the combination of prostate cancer immunotherapy with efficient biomarkers has emerged as a beneficial treatment strategy and its use has increased rapidly. The two primary objectives of this current prostate cancer early detection programs were recognizing non-symptomatic individuals with prostate cancer requiring prostatic core biopsy and identifying men with prostate cancer who might benefit from definitive medical treatment. The progress that has been made so far in the identification of the biomarkers that can be used for the classification, prediction and prognostication of prostate cancer, and as major targets for its clinical intervention has been well summarized in this review.
Investigative and clinical urology. 2024 Nov [Epub]
Sathish Kumar Am, Prabhakar Rajan, Mohammad Alkhamees, Merrel Holley, Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India., Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, UK., Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia., International Hyperbaric Medical Foundation, Morgan City, LA, USA., Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India. .