To assess active surveillance (AS) adherence for prostate cancer (PCa) in a "real-world" clinical practice.
We utilized our institutional database which was built by interrogating electronic medical records for all men who got diagnosed with PCa from 1995 to 2022. Our cohort included all patients aged < 76 years, with PCa Gleason Grade (GG) 1 or 2, ≤ cT2c, PSA ≤ 20 ng/ml at diagnosis, enrolled on AS, and with at least one biopsy after diagnosis. Patients were separated into two groups based on the monitoring intensity. Patients with at least 1 PSA/year and at least 1 biopsy every 4 years were categorized as adherent to guidelines. Univariable and Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the impact of covariates on non-adherence to guidelines. Competing risks cumulative incidence was used to depict prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM).
A total of 546 men met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 63 (11%) patients were adherent to guidelines (Group 1), while 483 (89%) were not (Group 2). Median PSAs/year and median biopsies/year were 2.3 (2.0-2.7) and 0.4 (0.3-0.6) for Group 1, and 1.2 (0.7-1.8) and 0.2 (0.1-0.2) for Group 2, respectively (both p < 0.0001). At multivariable analysis, Black men had a 2.20-fold higher risk of being in Group 2 than White men (p < 0.05). Patients with cT2 (OR:0.24, CI:0.11-0.52) and those with CCI ≥2 (OR:0.40, CCI:0.19-0.82) were less likely to be in Group 2, when compared to cT1 stage and CCI = 0, respectively (both p < 0.05). At 10 years, the cumulative incidence estimate of PCSM for the entire cohort was 2.1%.
We found substantial deviations from AS monitoring guidelines, particularly in biopsy frequency, which did not seem to compromise PCSM in patients with stable PSA. Notably, our findings suggest that strict adherence to guidelines, especially in patients with cT2 at diagnosis, remains crucial.
World journal of urology. 2024 Nov 26*** epublish ***
Giuseppe Chiarelli, Alex Stephens, Marco Finati, Giuseppe Ottone Cirulli, Shane Tinsley, Yuzhi Wang, Kaushik Kolanukuduru, Akshay Sood, Giuseppe Carrieri, Alberto Briganti, Francesco Montorsi, Giovanni Lughezzani, Nicolò Buffi, Craig Rogers, Firas Abdollah
VUI Center for Outcomes Research, Analysis, and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA., Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA., Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA., Department of Urology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA., Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy., Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy., Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy., VUI Center for Outcomes Research, Analysis, and Evaluation, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .