Immunome profiling in prostate cancer: a guide for clinicians.

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a key role to understand how tumors respond to prostate cancer (PC) therapies and potential mechanisms of resistance. Previous research has suggested that specific genomic aberrations, such as microsatellite instability (MSI) or CDK12 bi-allelic loss can allow PC patients more likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or other immune therapies. However, responses to these treatments remain highly variable even in selected patients. Thus, it is essential to obtain more information about tumor immune cells that infiltrate these tumors, and on their plasticity and interactions, in order to better understand the underlying biology to allow development of new therapeutic strategies. This review analyzes: 1) How interactions among immune cell populations and other cells infiltrating the tumor stroma can modulate the progression of PC, 2) How the standard therapies to treat PC (such as androgen deprivation therapy, new androgen-directed hormone therapy or chemotherapy) may influence the dynamic changes of the immunome and 3) What are the limitations in characterizing the immune landscape of the host´s response to tumors.

Frontiers in immunology. 2024 Nov 20*** epublish ***

Luis San-Jose Manso, Arantzazu Alfranca, Ignacio Moreno-Pérez, María Ruiz-Vico, Clara Velasco, Patricia Toquero, María Pacheco, Almudena Zapatero, Diego Aldave, Guillermo Celada, Eduardo Albers, María-Dolores Fenor de la Maza, Jorge García, Elena Castro, David Olmos, Ramón Colomer, Nuria Romero-Laorden

Urology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain., Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain., Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain., Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain., Personalized Precision Medicine Chair, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain., GU Translational Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain., Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain., Medical Oncology Department, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Madrid, Spain., Biocomputing Unit, Hospital Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.