Multiparametric MRI targeted prostate biopsy: When omit systematic biopsy?

To evaluate the detection rate for prostate cancer (PCa) performing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) fusion targeted biopsy (TPBx) combined only with ipsilateral systematic prostate biopsy (SPBx).

From January 2023 to December 2023, 495 men with clinical suspicion of PCa underwent transperineal SPBx plus TPBx in the presence of PI-RADS score lesions ≥ 3.

In 250/495 men (50.5%) a PCa was found, while 36/250 (14.4%) men had negative mpMRI. In comparison to TPBx, SPBx diagnosed a higher number of indolent PCa, 38.5 vs. 5.8%, respectively; conversely, SPBx demonstrated a higher detection rate for clinically significant PCa (97.3 vs. 85.4%) in the presence of ISUP Grade Group 2 (GG2). In details, rates were higher in the presence of GG2 (100 vs. 76%), GG3 (85.7 vs. 75.8%) and GG4 (100 vs. 86.4%) tumors. However, in GG5, both SPBx and TPBx diagnosed 100% of csPCa. Furthermore, 89.4% of the cases showed csPCa on the negative mpMRI side.

SPBx combined with TPBx maximized csPCa diagnosis; the use of reduced biopsy scheme limited to ipsilateral side of mpMRI lesion plus TPBx missed 11.6% csPCa. Only in the presence of PI-RADS score 5 SPBx and TPBx diagnosed both 100% of csPCa.

Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica. 2024 Nov 11*** epublish ***

Pietro Pepe, Ludovica Pepe, Vincenzo Fiorentino, Mara Curduman, Filippo Fraggetta

Urology Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania. ., Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina. ., Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina. ., Pathology Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania. ., Pathology Unit, ASP Catania, "Gravina" Hospital, Caltagirone. .