This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) in evaluating prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) scans for prostate cancer (PCa). A literature review was conducted on the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore databases. The search focused on studies that utilizes AI to evaluate PSMA PET scans. Original English language studies published from inception to October 2024 were included, while case reports, series, commentaries, and conference proceedings were excluded. AI applications show promise in automating the detection of metastatic disease and anatomical segmentation in PSMA PET scans. AI was also able to predict response to PSMA-based theragnostic and aids in tumor burden segmentation, improving radiotherapy planning. AI could also differentiate intraprostatic PCa with higher histological grade and predict extra-prostatic extension. AI has potential in evaluating PSMA PET scans for PCa, particularly in detecting metastasis, measuring tumor burden, detecting high grade intraprostatic cancer, and predicting treatment outcomes. Larger multicenter prospective studies are necessary to validate and enhance the generalizability of these AI models.
Seminars in nuclear medicine. 2025 Jan 31 [Epub ahead of print]
Jianliang Liu, Kieran Sandhu, Dixon T S Woon, Marlon Perera, Nathan Lawrentschuk
EJ Whitten Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Urology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia., Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia., EJ Whitten Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia., University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia., EJ Whitten Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Urology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: .