PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Overdiagnosis has become a major problem in medicine in general and cancer in particular.
This is a summary of this problem.
RECENT FINDINGS: Because of earlier detection, the nature of cancer has changed, from a disease usually diagnosed at a late and incurable stage to a heterogeneous condition that varies from clinically insignificant to rapidly aggressive. Screening programs for cancer have resulted in a dramatic increase in the diagnosis of clinically insignificant disease, balanced by improved survival and mortality because of significant cancers being diagnosed at a more curable stage. Overdiagnosis requires the presence of microfocal disease and a screening test to identify this. This exists for breast, prostate, and thyroid cancers, and to a lesser degree for renal and lung cancer. The problem of cancer overdiagnosis and overtreatment is complex, with numerous causes and many trade-offs. It is particularly important in prostate cancer, but is a major issue in many other cancer sites. Screening for prostate cancer appears, based on the best data from randomized trials, to significantly reduce cancer mortality.
SUMMARY: Reducing overtreatment in patients diagnosed with indolent disease is critical to the success of screening.
Written by:
Klotz L. Are you the author?
Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toranto, Ontario, Canada.
Reference: Curr Opin Urol. 2012 May;22(3):203-9.
doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32835259aa
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 22472510
UroToday.com Prostate Cancer Section