Although the routine use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has undoubtedly increased prostate cancer (PCa) detection, one of its main drawbacks is its lack of specificity.
As a consequence, many men undergo unnecessary biopsies or treatments for indolent tumours. PCa-specific markers are needed for the early detection of the disease and the prediction of aggressiveness of a prostate tumour. Since PCa is a heterogeneous disease, a panel of tumour markers is fundamental for a more precise diagnosis. Several biomarkers are promising due to their specificity for the disease in tissue. However, tissue is unsuitable as a possible screening tool. Since urine can be easily obtained in a non-invasive manner, it is a promising substrate for biomarker testing. This article reviews the biomarkers for the non-invasive testing of PCa in urine.
Written by:
Hessels D, Schalken JA. Are you the author?
NovioGendix BV, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands.
Reference: Asian J Androl. 2013 Mar 25. Epub ahead of print.
doi: 10.1038/aja.2013.6
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 23524531
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