PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of an electronic nose (eNose) to discriminate prostatic cancer (PCa) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from urine headspace potentially offering a clinically applicable noninvasive and rapid diagnostic method.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: ChemPro® 100 -eNose was used to discriminate PCa from BPH using urine sample headspace. Its performance was tested with 50 patients with confirmed PCa and 24 samples from 15 patients with BPH (15 patients provided urine preoperatively and 9 patients 3 months post-operatively) subjected to robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection of prostate, respectively. The patients provided urine sample pre-operatively and BPH patients also 3 months post-operatively to be used as a pooled control sample population. A discrimination classifier was identified for eNose and subsequently, sensitivity and specificity values were determined. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was performed.
RESULTS: Using LOOCV, eNose reached sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 67% and AUC of 0.77.
CONCLUSIONS: Electronic nose is capable of rapidly and noninvasively discriminating PCa and BPH from urine headspace in patients subjected to surgery.
Written by:
Roine A, Veskimäe E, Tuokko A, Kumpulainen P, Koskimäki J, Keinänen TA, Häkkinen MR, Vepsäläinen J, Paavonen T, Lekkala J, Lehtimäki T, Tammela TL, Oksala NK. Are you the author?
School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Automation Science and Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland; Department of Vascular Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
Reference: J Urol. 2014 Feb 25. pii: S0022-5347(14)00303-6.
doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.01.113
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 24582536
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