Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Although increased expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an effective indicator for the recurrence of PCa, its intended use as a screening marker for PCa is of considerable controversy.
Recent research efforts in the field of PCa biomarkers have focused on the identification of tissue and fluid-based biomarkers that would be better able to stratify those individuals diagnosed with PCa who (i) might best receive no treatment (active surveillance of the disease); (ii) would benefit from existing treatments; or (iii) those who are likely to succumb to disease recurrence and/or have aggressive disease. The growing demand for better prostate cancer biomarkers has coincided with the development of improved discovery and evaluation technologies for multiplexed measurement of proteins in bio-fluids and tissues. This review aims to (i) provide an overview of these technologies as well as describe some of the candidate PCa protein biomarkers that have been discovered using them; (ii) address some of the general limitations in the clinical evaluation and validation of protein biomarkers; and (iii) make recommendations for strategies that could be adopted to improve the successful development of protein biomarkers to deliver improvements in personalized PCa patient decision making.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 2016 Jul 18*** epublish ***
Claire L Tonry, Emma Leacy, Cinzia Raso, Stephen P Finn, John Armstrong, Stephen R Pennington
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UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. ., UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. ., UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. ., School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. ., St. Luke's Hospital, Rathgar, Dublin 6, Ireland. ., UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. .