To conduct a review of literature on adjuvant therapy in nonmetastatic renal-cell carcinoma (nmRCC) treated with nephrectomy and to describe the efficacy of adjuvant agents on cancer control outcomes. A review of the literature was performed in January 2018 to identify all studies evaluating adjuvant therapy in patients with nmRCC treated with nephrectomy using PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases. The following keywords were used: adjuvant therapy, renal-cell carcinoma, nonmetastatic, targeted molecular therapy, kidney cancer. The ClinicalTrials.gov website was queried to identify ongoing trials. Traditional adjuvant therapy agents consisted of interferon α, interleukin 2, autologous tumor cell vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies. None provided survival benefit. Three contemporary studies (S-TRAC, ASSURE, and PROTECT) using targeted therapy compared sunitinib to placebo (S-TRAC), sunitinib or sorafenib to placebo (ASSURE), and pazopanib to placebo (PROTECT), with controversial results. In contrast to ASSURE and PROTECT, S-TRAC demonstrated improved disease-free survival. Several trials that use checkpoint immunotherapy agents or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are ongoing. Many traditional therapies have shown no success as adjuvant therapy for nmRCC after nephrectomy. Targeted adjuvant therapy for nmRCC after nephrectomy showed controversial results, and its routine use is not currently endorsed.
Clinical genitourinary cancer. 2018 Feb 02 [Epub ahead of print]
Marco Bandini, Ariane Smith, Michele Marchioni, Raisa S Pompe, Tristan F Martel, Luca Cindolo, Francesco Montorsi, Shahrokh F Shariat, Alberto Briganti, Anil Kapoor, Umberto Capitanio, Pierre I Karakiewicz
Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: ., Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada., Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, SS Annunziata Hospital, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy., Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Martini Klinik, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany., Department of Urology, SS Annunziata Hospital, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy., Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy., Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.