Brain metastases (BM) pose a significant problem in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC). Local and systemic therapies including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are rapidly evolving, necessitating reassessments of outcomes for modern patient management.
The mRCC patients with BM treated with SRS were reviewed. Patient demographics, clinical history, and SRS treatment parameters were identified.
Among 268 patients with mRCC treated between 2006 and 2015, 38 patients were identified with BM. A total of 243 BM were treated with SRS with 1 to 26 BMs treated per SRS session (median, 2 BMs). The median (range) BM size was 0.6 (0.2-3.1) cm and median (range) SRS treatment dose was 18 (12-24) Gy. Treated BM local control rates at 1 and 2 years were 91.8% (95% confidence interval, 85.7-95.4) and 86.1% (95% confidence interval, 77.1-91.7), respectively. BM control declined for larger tumors. Survival after 1-year was 57.5% (95% CI 40.2-71.4) for all patients. Survival was not statistically different between patients with < 5 BM versus ≥ 5 BM. Survival was prognostic based on International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database (IMDC) risk groups in patients with < 5 BM. Two patients experienced grade 3 radiation necrosis requiring surgical intervention.
SRS is effective in controlling BM in patients with mRCC. Over half of treated patients survive past a year, and no differences in survival were noted in patients with > 5 metastases. Prognostic risk categories based on systemic disease (IMDC) are predictive of survival in this BM population, with limited rates of symptomatic radiation necrosis.
Clinical genitourinary cancer. 2018 Nov 22 [Epub ahead of print]
Zabi Wardak, Alana Christie, Alex Bowman, Strahinja Stojadinovic, Lucien Nedzi, Sam Barnett, Toral Patel, Bruce Mickey, Tony Whitworth, Raquibul Hannan, James Brugarolas, Robert Timmerman
Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Electronic address: ., Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX., Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX., Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX., Department of Neurological Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX., Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Neurological Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX., Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.