Patients with International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) poor risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) rarely respond to first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) including sunitinib, and carries a very poor prognosis. In recent years, combination therapy involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated superior efficacy to sunitinib in poor risk disease.
In a retrospective study using a cancer chemotherapy registry, 206 consecutive patients with mRCC in the first-line setting were identified between Oct 2019 and Dec 2020. Sixty-one patients had a poor risk mRCC, and were treated with TKI monotherapy (n=36), nivolumab plus ipilimumab (n=16), or pembrolizumab plus axitinib (n=9). Endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), response rate (RR), and safety.
Patients' median age was 61 years and the median number of risk factors was 3 (range, 3-5). During a median 23.0 months of follow-up, the median OS was 24.3 months with ICI-based combinations and 14.8 months with TKI monotherapy, and the median PFS periods were 9.3 months and 3.4 months, respectively. An objective response occurred in 60% of the patients receiving ICI-based combinations and in 19% of those receiving TKI monotherapy (P=0.001). In the multivariate regression model, number of IMDC risk factors and the ICI-based combination therapy were independent prognostic factors for PFS. All-causality grade 3 or 4 adverse events were 44% for ICI-based combinations and 50% for TKI monotherapy.
Among patients with poor risk mRCC, first-line ICI-based therapy showed significantly longer OS and PFS, as well as a higher RR, than TKI monotherapy.
Frontiers in oncology. 2022 Apr 28*** epublish ***
Hyunji Jo, Joohyun Hong, Hongsik Kim, Hye Ryeon Kim, Ghee Young Kwon, Kyung A Kang, Sung Yoon Park, Chan Kyo Kim, Byung Kwan Park, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Minyong Kang, Hyun Hwan Sung, Hwang Gyun Jeon, Byong Chang Jeong, Seong Il Seo, Seong Soo Jeon, Hyun Moo Lee, Se Hoon Park
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea., Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea., Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Sciences, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea., Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.