Kidney cancer is a common malignancy that constitutes around 5% of all cancer cases. Males are twice as likely to acquire renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared to females and experience a higher rate of mortality. These disparities indicate that sex hormone (SH)-dependent pathways may have an impact on the aetiology and pathophysiology of RCC. Examination of SH involvement in conventional signalling pathways, as well as genetics and genomics, especially the involvement of ribonucleic acid, reveal further insights into sex-related differences. An understanding of SHs and their influence on kidney cancer is essential to offer patients individualized medicine that would better meet their needs in terms of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This review presents the understanding of sex-related differences in the clinical manifestation of kidney cancer patients and the underlying biological processes.
Therapeutic advances in medical oncology. 2024 Aug 21*** epublish ***
Michael Ladurner, Andrea Katharina Lindner, Peter Rehder, Gennadi Tulchiner
Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Department of Urology, General Hospital Hall in Tirol, Hall in Tirol, Austria., Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.