Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
Insights into the biology of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) have identified multiple pathways associated with the pathogenesis and progression of this cancer. This progress has led to the development of multiple agents targeting these pathways, including the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib, sunitinib, and pazopanib, the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, and the mTOR inhibitors temsirolimus and everolimus. With the exception of temsirolimus, phase 3 trials tested these agents in patients with clear-cell histology; therefore, their efficacy in non-CCRCC is unclear. To date, there is no established effective therapy for patients with advanced non-CCRCC. This article focuses on treatment options for metastatic non-CCRCC.
Written by:
Chowdhury S, Matrana MR, Tsang C, Atkinson B, Choueiri TK, Tannir NM. Are you the author?
Reference: Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2011 Aug;25(4):853-69.
doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2011.05.003
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 21763971
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