Background: Obesity, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes are risk factors for renal cell carcinoma development.
Their presence has been associated with a worse outcome in various cancers. We sought to determine their association with outcome of sunitinib treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
Methods: An international multicenter retrospective study of sunitinib-treated mRCC patients was performed. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between outcome and the pretreatment status of smoking, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and other known prognostic factors.
Results: Between 2004 and 2013, 278 mRCC patients were treated with sunitinib: 59 were active smokers, 67 were obese, 73 were diabetic, and 165 had pretreatment hypertension. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9 months, and overall survival (OS) was 22 months. Factors associated with PFS were smoking status (past and active smokers: hazard ratio [HR]: 1.17, p = .39; never smokers: HR: 2.94, p < .0001), non-clear cell histology (HR: 1.62, p = .011), pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio >3 (HR: 3.51, p < .0001), use of angiotensin system inhibitors (HR: 0.63, p = .01), sunitinib dose reduction or treatment interruption (HR: 0.72, p = .045), and Heng risk (good and intermediate risk: HR: 1.07, p = .77; poor risk: HR: 1.87, p = .046). Factors associated with OS were smoking status (past and active smokers: HR: 1.25, p = .29; never smokers: HR: 2.7, p < .0001), pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio >3 (HR: 2.95, p < .0001), and sunitinib-induced hypertension (HR: 0.57, p = .002).
Conclusion: Active smoking may negatively affect the PFS and OS of sunitinib-treated mRCC. Clinicians should consider advising patients to quit smoking at initiation of sunitinib treatment for mRCC.
Written by:
Keizman D, Gottfried M, Ish-Shalom M, Maimon N, Peer A, Neumann A, Hammers H, Eisenberger MA, Sinibaldi V, Pili R, Hayat H, Kovel S, Sella A, Boursi B, Weitzen R, Mermershtain W, Rouvinov K, Berger R, Carducci MA. Are you the author?
Genitourinary Oncology Service, Institute of Oncology, Meir Medical Center and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Kfar-Saba, Israel; Department of Oncology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Oncology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Department of Oncology, Asaf Harofe Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Department of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-sheva, Israel.
Reference: Oncologist. 2014;19(1):51-60.
doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0335
PubMed Abstract
PMID: 24309979
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