Testicular cancer is the most common solid neoplasm of adult men between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Germ cell tumors account for 95% of all testicular tumors. The assessment of staging is essential to guide further management of testicular cancer patients and to prognosticate cancer-related outcomes. Post radical orchiectomy treatment options, including adjuvant therapy and active surveillance, vary based on the anatomical extent of disease, serum tumor markers, pathologic diagnosis, and imaging. This review provides an update on the germ cell tumor staging system adopted by the 8th edition of the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, treatment implications, risk factors, and predictors of outcomes.
Human pathology. 2022 Aug 01 [Epub ahead of print]
Sofia Canete Portillo, Soroush Rais-Bahrami, Cristina Magi-Galluzzi
Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA., Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA., Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA. Electronic address: .