Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common tumors in adolescent and young men. They are curable malignancies that should be treated with curative intent, minimizing acute and long-term side effects. Inguinal orchiectomy is the main diagnostic procedure, and is also curative for most localized tumors, while patients with unfavorable risk factors for recurrence, or those who are unable or unwilling to undergo close follow-up, may require adjuvant treatment. Patients with persistent markers after orchiectomy or advanced disease at diagnosis should be staged and classified according to the IGCCCG prognostic classification. BEP is the most recommended chemotherapy, but other schedules such as EP or VIP may be used to avoid bleomycin in some patients. Efforts should be made to avoid unnecessary delays and dose reductions wherever possible. Insufficient marker decline after each cycle is associated with poor prognosis. Management of residual masses after chemotherapy differs between patients with seminoma and non-seminoma tumors. Patients at high risk of relapse, those with refractory tumors, or those who relapse after chemotherapy should be managed by multidisciplinary teams in experienced centers. Salvage treatment for these patients includes conventional-dose chemotherapy (TIP) and/or high-dose chemotherapy, although the best regimen and strategy for each subgroup of patients is not yet well established. In late recurrences, early complete surgical resection should be performed when feasible. Given the high cure rate of TGCT, oncologists should work with patients to prevent and identify potential long-term side effects of the treatment. The above recommendations also apply to extragonadal retroperitoneal and mediastinal tumors.
Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico. 2024 Jul 03 [Epub ahead of print]
José Angel Arranz Arija, Xavier García Del Muro, Raquel Luque Caro, María José Méndez-Vidal, Begoña Pérez-Valderrama, Jorge Aparicio, Miguel Ángel Climent Durán, Cristina Caballero Díaz, Ignacio Durán, Enrique González-Billalabeitia
Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. ., Hospital Duran I Reynals, Institut Català D'Oncologia L'Hospitalet (ICO), Barcelona, Spain., Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs, Granada, Spain., Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain., Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain., Hospital Universitario I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain., Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain., Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain., Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain., Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, IMAS 12, UCAM, Madrid, Spain.