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Putative gender differences in bladder cancer (BCa) have been proposed to result from sex hormone influence. Aromatase is the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of androgens to estrogens which may result in an intratumoral microenviroment with increased estrogen production.

Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 (BCAR1/p130cas) is a hub for diverse oncogenic signaling cascades and promotes tumor development and progression.

To understand the effect of BCAR1 in prostate cancer, we analyzed its expression on more than 11,000 prostate cancer samples.