3D Models Articles

Recently, 3D models (3DM) gained popularity in urology, especially in nephron-sparing interventions (NSI). Up to now, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques alone does not allow us to obtain a 3DM adequate to plan a robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).

Despite the current era of "precision surgery", an unmet need for an optimal surgical planning and navigation still remains for most genitourinary malignancies. In this setting, the 3D virtual reconstruction of 2D cross-sectional imaging has been increasingly adopted to facilitate the surgeon in better understanding the surgical anatomy.

Bladder cancer is a major public health concern and the treatment options available are unable to significantly prevent disease recurrence and progression. The need for experimental tumor models to efficiently reproduce the pathology of human cancers has prompted researchers to attempt various approaches.