Therapy Articles

(177)Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT) using inhibitors of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a novel therapeutic option in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of simultaneous occurrence of renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. Methods: Twenty-four consecutive patients with synchronous renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma treated in our center from March 2005 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.

In this review article, the authors describe all relevant aspects of the new S2k guideline from the German Society of Urology (Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie, DGU) for the diagnosis and treatment of IC/PBS (interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome).

As an orphan disease interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a frequently underdiagnosed and inadequately treated disease of the urinary bladder, often after years of symptoms. Caused by an unknown etiology, a high variability of symptoms, a lack of biomarkers and a gradual onset, IC/BPS is a diagnosis by exclusion and poses a special challenge to doctors and patients.

In 1997 an international group of scientists organized a meeting in Barcelona, Spain, to discuss the use of biomarkers in the management of patients with bladder cancer. This meeting was the offspring of an - initially informal - group that finally resulted in the foundation and incorporation of the International Bladder Cancer Network (IBCN) e.

Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States, and it exhibits an alarming 70% recurrence rate. Thus, the development of more efficient antibladder cancer approaches is a high priority.

In the United States, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths among men with an approximately 220,000 patients diagnosed with the disease in 2015. Prostate cancer is a hormone-driven tumor, and a common therapy is androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) which involves anti-androgen treatments and/or castration therapy.

Apaziquone is an interesting drug for intravesical use in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer; however, more research is needed to prove its actual benefit. Although the apaziquone trials demonstrate the potential of this new drug, the singular phase 3 trials did not reach their primary endpoint.

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a multifactorial, chronic disease without definite etiology characterized by bladder-related pelvic pain. IC/BPS is associated with pain that negatively affects the quality of life.

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) represent the first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). Almost one in two patients, however, show some level of treatment dissatisfaction and up to 30% fail to respond to any of the currently available PDE5Is.

Bladder pain Syndrome presents a multifaceted challenge in contemporary urological practice, marked by LUTS, negative behavioural, sexual, or emotional experiences, and the potential for sexual dysfunction.

This is an update of the 2008 British Society for Sexual Medicine (BSSM) guidelines.

To provide up-to-date guidance for U.K. (and international) health care professionals managing male sexual dysfunction.

Rechallenge with antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 or its ligand (PD-1/L1) after discontinuation or disease progression in solid tumors following a prior PD-1/L1 treatment is often practiced in clinic.

Globally, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents the most prevalent type of kidney cancer. Surgery plays a key role in the treatment of this cancer, although one third of patients are diagnosed with metastatic ccRCC and about 25% of patients will develop a recurrence after nephrectomy with curative intent.

In small animal practice, prostatic diseases are increasingly encountered. All dogs may experience prostatic disease, but particular care should be addressed to breeding dogs, in which prostatic affection may lead to decrease in semen quality and fertility.

Recent data suggested that plasma Ghrelin O-Acyl Transferase enzyme (GOAT) levels could represent a new diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we aimed to explore the diagnostic and prognostic/aggressiveness capacity of GOAT in urine, as well as to interrogate its putative pathophysiological role in PCa.

Three-quarters of bladder cancer patients present with early-stage disease (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, NMIBC, UICC TNM stages Ta, T1 and Tis); however, most next-generation sequencing studies to date have concentrated on later-stage disease (muscle-invasive BC, stages T2+).

It is impossible to conduct head-to-head trials of all the therapies to determine optimal treatment in the rapidly advancing era of therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). In this network meta-analysis,we aimed to compare efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for mRCC.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is widely recognized as a pivotal player in both systemic and local inflammatory processes. Due to the critical role this molecule has in driving both chronic and acute inflammation, it was among the earliest therapeutic targets utilized for patients with autoimmune (AI) diseases.

Modulating the androgen axis by different agents has been one of the most successful therapeutic interventions in the field of prostate cancer therapy. Newer agents such as abiraterone and enzalutamide have been widely adapted and have contributed to an increase in the overall survival of prostate cancer patients.

The landscape of local and systemic therapy of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rapidly changing. The increase in the incidental finding of small renal tumors has increased the application of nephron-sparing procedures, while ten novel agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or the mammalian target of rapamycin pathways, or inhibiting the interaction of the programmed death 1 receptor with its ligand, have been approved since 2006 and have dramatically improved the prognosis of metastatic RCC (mRCC).

Primary urethral cancer (PUC) is a rare cancer entity. Owing to the low incidence of this malignancy, the main body of literature consists mainly of case reports, making evidence-based management recommendations difficult.

Overexpression of the epigenetic modifier metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) is associated with aggressive human prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine MTA1- targeted chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy of pterostilbene, a natural potent analog of resveratrol, in pre-clinical models of prostate cancer.

Psychological inflexibility is a core concept of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), which is a comprehensive, transdiagnostic interpretation of mental health symptoms. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition that affects male sexual performance, involving the inability to achieve and maintain a penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most frequent cancer worldwide and is associated with high mortality when diagnosed in its most aggressive form, which is not reverted by the current treatment options.

To evaluate the relation between clinically relevant stricture recurrence after first urethroplasty and prior endoscopic treatments (dilatation and/or direct visual internal urethrotomy) or intermittent self-dilatation (ISD).

Current treatment options for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are associated with substantial morbidity. Local release of doxorubicin (DOX) from phosphatidyldiglycerol-based thermosensitive liposomes (DPPG2-TSL-DOX) potentiated by hyperthermia (HT) in the bladder wall may result in bladder sparing without toxicity of systemic chemotherapy.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is useful for selected clinical indications in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) but it may have broader clinical utility owing to the emergence of lutetium-177-PSMA-617 ([177Lu]Lu-PSMA) therapy.

The prognosis of men with prostate cancer (PC) with mutations in DNA damage response (DDR) genes undergoing different treatments is unclear. This systematic review compared clinical outcomes in PC patients with DDR mutations (DDR+) versus no mutations (DDR-).

Chronic pelvic pain with various etiologies and mechanisms affects men and women and is a major challenge. Monotherapy is often unsuccessful for chronic pelvic pain, and combinations of different classes of medications are frequently prescribed, with the expectation of improved outcomes.

Radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs) based on fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) are a new option for progressive metastatic cancer in patients pretreated multiple times.

While men are at a considerable higher risk of developing urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), women present with more advanced disease stages and seem to experience unfavorable outcomes. Evaluating specific differences in the UCB incidence and outcomes between both genders in the non-muscle invasive, muscle-invasive or locally advanced and metastatic setting, as well as determining the underlying causes of disease, may allow optimizing treatment and improving the quality of urological care among both genders.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignancy characterized by deregulated hypoxia-inducible factor signaling, mutation of several key chromatin modifying enzymes, and numerous alterations in cellular metabolism.

Several therapies for localised prostate cancer (PC) are available; all yield similar survival rates. However, each therapy has significant side effects that can influence patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the long run.

To analyse the therapeutic efficacy of various phytotherapeutics and their antimicrobial compounds with regard to strain specificity and dose dependence.

A representative strain collection of 40 uropathogenic bacteria isolated from complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infection was subjected to various virulence assays (bacterial growth, mannose-sensitive agglutination, and motility) to determine the therapeutic impact of various compounds with antimicrobial activity.

Corticosteroids alone or in combination therapy are associated with favorable biochemical responses in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We speculated that the intermittent addition of dexamethasone may also enhance the antitumor effect of radioligand therapy (RLT) with 177 Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617.

Adherence to guideline recommendations can improve the quality of care for patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Our aim was to assess adherence to guidelines for locoregional PCa by international region.

Hormonal factors play an essential role as an underlying causative factor of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), and these patients can benefit from hormonal medications that modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

This article provides evidence-based recommendations and expert opinions to aid urologists in making optimal decisions regarding managing urolithiasis in various clinical scenarios. The most frequently asked questions by urologists in their clinical practice have been collected and answered in the form of FAQs; based on the latest evidence and expert opinions.

To evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in long-term testicular cancer (TC) survivors.

QoL was assessed in TC survivors treated between March 1976 and December 2004 (n = 625) using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire, including a TC module.

To assess the clinical effectiveness of extra corporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) administration compared with ESWT plus a low-intensity laser diode therapy (LILDT) in the management of Peyronie's disease (PD) stable stage.

Low-intensity shockwave therapy (LiST) has been applied in the clinical treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), but few studies have focused on the prediction of its therapeutic effect before treatment.

Prostate cancer (PC) includes several phenotypes, from indolent to highly aggressive cancer. Actual diagnostic and prognostic tools have several limitations, and there is a need for new biomarkers to stratify patients and assign them optimal therapies by taking into account potential genetic and epigenetic differences.

Kidney transplantation represents the gold standard treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease. Improvements in surgical technique and pharmacologic treatment have continuously prolonged allograft survival in recent years.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that function as negative regulators of gene expression involving in the tumor biology. ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), a key enzyme initiating de novo lipid synthesis, has been found to be upregulated in cancer cells, and its inhibition causes suppressive effects in a variety of tumors.

Over the last few years, microRNAs (miRNA)-controlled cancer stem cells have drawn enormous attention. Cancer stem cells are a small population of tumor cells that possess the stem cell property of self-renewal.

THY1 (CD90) is a 25-37-kDa heavily N-glycosylated, glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored cell surface protein. It is usually expressed on thymocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, natural killer cells, neurons, endothelial cells, renal glomerular mesangial cells, follicular dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts.

Nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis (NC) have become common causes of hospitalization and referral to pediatric outpatient clinics. It is of utmost importance to start with diagnostic evaluation directly after the first passage of a kidney stone, or if NC is diagnosed, in each pediatric patient.

Peyronie's disease is a collagen wound healing disorder of the penis that negatively affects the quality of life of afflicted men. According to the 2015 AUA Consensus Guidelines on Peyronie's Disease, minimally invasive intralesional therapies and surgical intervention form the basis of contemporary therapy for this disorder.

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has become an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target for small molecule ligands. Radionuclide-chelating ligands can be labeled with either (68)Ga for positron-emission-tomography (PET) or (177)Lu for radionuclide therapy.